Is the French ban on headscarves (al-hijab) in schools a good idea Research Paper

Is the French ban on headscarves (al-hijab) in schools a good idea - Research Paper Example During the period of 2004, the government of France passed a legislation that disallowed individuals from wearing and using any religious symbol in public schools (Hrw.org 1)1. This move made by the French government has been opposed as well as supported by Muslim and non-Muslim populations France. Around 80% of the people living in France have the ban on hijab (Coleman 1)2. Banning of Hijab is a good idea because The ban on headscarf levied by the government of France is correct because such legislation is consistent with the laws and regulations of human rights. The article 18 of human rights law states that individuals should only be allowed to freely practice their religion if their practice does not coerce or leads to public’s feeling of insecurity (Minorityrights.org 1)3. Recently, Muslims have been majorly held responsible for conducting acts of terrorism and due to this the public has started feeling insecure due to the presence of Muslims around them. Individuals even experience fear and mental torture when they see a Muslim female wearing a headscarf in the public. This fear of hijab is recognized as Islamophobia and islamophobia is infringing upon the rights of the student population of France to freely move around without the fear of being attacked (Crg.berkeley.edu 1)4. Since headscarf infringes upon other’s right of living a life without fear, headscarf’s ar e against the rules and regulations of human rights and should be continued to be banned in French schools. Another reason due to which France was correct in banning hijab in public schools was to protect the female Muslim student population from being coerced and discriminated against. Since the terrorist attacks of 9/11 Muslims have been heavily discriminated against throughout the world. They are discriminated in organizations, schools as well as in public. They have been beaten up and pushed around in different settings.

Modern video gaming consoles Essay Example for Free

Modern video gaming consoles Essay Abstract: There are many ways for entertainment, sometimes these activities are very expensive for all people to offer these activities, as solution for this in the 1970s a new entertainment method has been introduced in the market place, and this new method was popularly known as video games [1]. Video games created large impact among the game lovers. Time to time, people who develop video games, introduces different consoles using advance technologies. Today the leading competitors using very advance technologies to market their consoles to the consumers. Among that Nintendo Wii U, PlayStation Vita, Nintendo 3DS are some of the high end video gaming consoles which are available in the present arena. These consoles equipped with very advance hardware structure like high powered processors, vast capacity of media and storage, user friendly user interface with multiple options, advanced video output, and controllers with advance technologies. On the other hand another set of video gaming consoles has been dominating in the present world which is motion control based consoles. The top motion control console PlayStaion move and xBox Kinect took the gamers to a different track from the traditional gaming consoles. These type of motion based game consoles provide real time game play to the gamers. Today video gaming industry has become one of the most revenue making business, and the evolution of this device is quite interesting, from the most basic models to today’s very complicate play station gaming devices, the demand for the product grown very rapidly. And further international cyber gaming event have made a great impact among individual who are fond of this aspect. 1. 0 Introduction to modern video gaming consoles The technological development in the area of video gaming is an amazing evolution in the world of digital gaming, the history of the gaming industry runs down to the 1970,s, since then the industry has seen a huge development, which were beyond the imagination of human mind at the time of its discovery. The development in this field can be seen from the change that has occurred to the basic gaming device, in the initial stage this mechanism had only used simple joysticks, but today they have developed in to more complicated joystick and move device with more function, because this equipments come wireless they are convenient to handle. Going beyond the gaming arena, you can use the device in various ways, this technology can be used in other sectors as well, and as steering wills are available we can use this kind of devices in training drive and pilots which can save immense cost to the respective institutions. Further looking far beyond the above we can use this technology in the process of developing war strategies which would eventually save not of money and resource, when handling terrorism. More over by using gaming devices we observe the effectiveness and the efficiency of the human brain, and as per the above discussed this industry has potential to grow in the future. Leading competitors of the video gaming industry such as Sony, Nintendo, and Microsoft used their own technological approach to enhance their quality of the product. Time to time they have come up with different products and draw the gamers to a different path. A popular game development company Nintendo announces their new product Nintendo Wii U at Electronic Entertainment Expo 2011 last year [2]. This most advance console of Nintendo, which built up with amazing features than their previous releases. Nintendo Wii U will be ship with Wii remote an upgraded version, Wii remote plus and the Wii Balance Board. Electronic tycoon Sony introducing their PlayStaion VITA this year, targeting its portable video console customer base [3]. PSVITA will be available on the market from the third quarter of this year; will be carrying lot of feature than the PSP. Sony introduce NVG card, new format of flashcard to store games and enable 3G to connect through internet to access PSN (PlayStation Network) for online gaming experience. GPS, Multi-Touch Touch screen, built-in microphone, two analog sticks, rear Touch Pad, Cross Play support (play online games WITH PS3 users), SIXAXIS motion controls, and front and rear Cameras that allow for AR Games are some of the new features from its original PSP. Section 2 provides an overview about the video gaming consoles. Section 3 is critically reviewed on categories and major developments of the devices. Section 4 describes the technologies involved in modern video gaming consoles, section 5 provides future directions of video gaming consoles, Section 6 discuss about Threats to modern video gaming consoles section 7 explains a discussion about the area. 2. 0 Overview of the modern gaming consoles Over the decades, video gaming culture becomes more popular among the individual who are fond of this aspect. Hence a higher task is assigned for the video game industry to provide the output according to the user requirements. As s result of these different products from different manufactures came to the market in a large scale. In the early 1950’s smaller researches carried on to develop video games and the researches last until the late 1960’s. The golden era of video gaming begins from the early 1970’s and the growth is massive. 1985 Nintendo came up with their new device Nintendo Entertainment System (NES), a separate device which is designed for video gaming. Similar consoles like Sega Master System III, Atari XEGS, Action Max, Commodore 64GS, RDI Halcyon were introduced to the gamers with different technologies. Video gaming consoles industry has been rehabilitee with the entry of Sony Corporation. In the year 1994 Sony introduced an advanced gaming device called PlayStation [4]. While Sony dominating throughout the decade other consoles like Atari Jaguar II, Sega Saturn, Nintendo 64, Nintendo 64DD, Game Boy Color, Playdia were also available in the market. Another notable incident took place in the year of 2001 with the present of Microsoft to the industry. Microsoft makes their present with a remarkable console xBox, which is a big competitor to Sony’s PlayStation 2. Portable devices and Handheld gaming consoles also played a vital role in the video gaming console industry. Motion controller based console is another popular device in today’s gaming field. Motion control based devices came to the market with the present on Nintendo Wii and later Sony and Microsoft introduces their controllers Move and Kinect in late 2000s [5]. The functionality and the efficiency of modern gaming consoles are excellent. At the present there is a high competition between Sony’s PS3 and Microsoft’s xBox 360, while Nintendo dominates the motion control console market. Meanwhile the expectations of eighth generation video gaming consoles are very high. The announcement for PSVITA, Nintendo Wii U, Nintendo 3DS, Razer Switchblade, EVO2 were already made and gamers expecting their arrivals. It is expected that Motion control based consoles will dominate the eighth generation video consoles. These eighth generation consoles are expected to have a centralized online system, which is similar to xBox Live and Apple’s game centre. Ported games will be differentiated on platforms via DLC and it facilitates the player to download the game for different platforms. The controller of these consoles will be Controllers will be motion-capable, which comes through an evolution from the SIXAXIS where the motion could be detected by six degree. These consoles will be fully fledged media centers. They are mostly equipped with media streaming, video streaming playback videos through Netflix and adding online video banks like YouTube and Justin. tv. 3. 0 Categories and major developments of modern gaming consoles There are different types of consoles widely available in the market. They can be categorized as motion based console, Controller based consoles, handheld consoles etc. Among that motion based consoles are the very famous one which is popularly used by the gamers. 3. 1 Motion based Consoles These are the most advanced consoles that are available in the market. Japan’s popular game development firm Nintendo introduced their first motion based console Nintendo Wii back in 2005. A big amount of research and development carried out throughout the past and finally Sony Corporation and Microsoft came up with their products. Sony launched their motion controllers Move for their PS3, while Microsoft releases Kinect for xBox. Mean while Nintendo announces their next generation motion based gaming console Nintendo Wii U, which will be built up with advanced technologies than their previous version. These consoles have been built up with massive technologies. 3. 1. 1 PlayStaion Move PS Move bundle contains with a sensor camera and the controller. The controller in the user hand will be detected by the camera and that particular controller will be synchronized with the video game. Once the player moves with the controller, the character in the video game also moves to the direction. FIGURE I: PLAYSTATION MOVE CONNECTED TO A DISPLAY The camera, called Eye is capable of using edge detection, facial recognition, and basic motion tracking to map a room. The glowing Orbs plays an important role to detect the controller by the camera. PS3 Move uses LED tracking and edge detection to determine the controllers distance from the screen. By measuring the size of the orb in relation to the incoming video feed allows the system to calculate the precise distance of the controller from the camera. The color change of the Orbs helps the PS3 eye to differentiate the controllers from other objects that can be captured by the camera and from one another in a multi-controller setup. While determining distance is the primary purpose for the orb design, the orbs also assist in pointer detection. The tilt, rotation, velocity, and orientation of the controller is determine by an array of inertial sensors. Three kinds of sensors have been used in the motion controllers which are accelerometer, a magnetometer, and angular rate sensor. Accelerometer is used to detect the upward orientation of the controller as well as to determine the tilt. Magnetometers are typically used to determine the magnetic field and it helps the system in establishing the directional orientation of the controller. The angular rate sensor is used to measure the velocity of the move controller’s motion. This allows the system to accurately determine the actual speed of how fast the player moves or swings the controller. Motion controllers can be connected to the main console both wired and wireless. Wireless connectivity is based up on Bluetooth, which creates a firm bridge between the console and the Motion controller [6]. 3. 1. 2 Microsoft Kinect for xBox 360 Kinect has been introduced by Microsoft in the year 2010 for their primary gaming console xBox 360. A record making sales occurred world wild after it debuts the market. Kinect use a slightly different technology from PS Move and Nintendo Wii. Kinect only built with a sensor camera, which allows the player to interact with the console without any handheld controller. FIGURE II: PRIME SENSE THAT HAVE BEEN USED IN KINECT Kinect uses Prime Sense’s sensing technology which can maps thousands of points, and can accurately read body movements, complex gestures and even verbal cues [7]. In order to adapt to varying room layouts and sensor positioning, Kinect is capable of automatically adjusting its orientation with a motorized swivel and tilt mechanism built into the base, While the tilt mechanism is pretty solid, it can be damaged by improper care or attempting to manually adjust the sensor. The sensor connects to the Xbox 360 via either the auxiliary port built into the new Xbox 360 S or USB on previous models. The new Xbox 360s auxiliary port is an all-in-one solution that both powers and communicates with the sensor, whereas older systems will have to use an included AC power adapter to power the device. Setting up and calibrating the Kinect can be simple or a bit of a hassle, depending on the type of playing environment. Not only is there an extensive on-screen setup process, but players must physically prepare a room for Kinect. In order to play with Kinect user must choose a clear large space at least 6 feet between the player and the sensor and any object that are intermediate should be moved. Kinect is recommended players play in rooms with bright, even lighting, though our experience showed that just about any lighting environment produces reasonable result. 3. 2 Handheld video gaming console 3. 2. 1 Nintendo Wii U Wii U is the upcoming gaming console of Nintendo, expecting to launch next year. Wii will carry with lot of advance feature from their previous product Nintendo Wii. This console is compatible with Wii peripherals such as Wii control and Wii balance board. Wii U’s Hardware architecture and the design have been completely enhanced with comparing Wii U is Approximately 1. 8 inches tall, 6. 8 inches wide and 10. 5 inches long. An IBM Power Architecture-based multi-core 45 nm microprocessor based on the POWER7 will be use as the CPU, while the GPU will be a custom designed AMD RADEON similar to the R770 chip. FIGURE III: CONTROLS OF WII U AND THE COMPONENT ARCHITECHTURE The console will have internal flash memory, as well as the option to expand its memory using either an SD memory card or an external USB hard disk drive. It will also build up with 12cm proprietary high-density optical discs and 12cm Wii optical disc. Will U will be launched with an amazing port and peripheral functionalities including SD memory card slot (supports SDHC cards), USB 2. 0 ports (2 at front of console, 2 at rear), Sensor Bar power port, AV Multi Out port and HDMI 1. 4 out port. Video output will be sync with 1080p, 1080i, 720p, 480p and 480i. Compatible displays over HDMI, composite, component and S-Video while Audio output will be use AV Multi Out connector with Six-channel PCM linear output through HDMI. Wii U. A brand new controller with a complete new design will be shipping along with Nintendo Wii U Approximately, which is 5. 3 inches high, 0. 9 inches deep (not including buttons and other projections) and 9. 0 inches long. The new controller designed with a 16:9, 6. 2 inch touch LED display which contains all the traditional button controls and along with new two analog Circle Pads. The interesting is the potential for the two screens (controller display and the giant display) to work in direct tandem, an extension of ideas tested on DS. A touch screen interface enables play types that have escaped buttons and analogue sticks. Likewise, inbuilt gyroscopes and accelerometers act as a third set of analogue control inputs, allowing gamers to physically move the device to adjust their aim or orientation on screen. Nintendo Wii U is the Nintendo’s sixth home console and the very first console with 1080p high-definition graphics, and features a new controller with an embedded touch screen. This touch screen enables the player to continue the come if the television display turned off [8]. 3. 2. 2 PlayStation VITA Sony Corporation’s upcoming handheld video gaming console, which is expecting to be available in the market from the end of this year. PS Vita will have a 5-inch OLED capacitive touch-screen(960 x 544) capable of multi-touch, 512MB of RAM, 128MB of VRAM, powered by an ARM Cortex Quad-Core A9 chip and a PowerVR SGX GPU. There will be two VGA cameras (front and rear) capable of capturing images at 60 fps. Additional features include 802. 11 b/g/n Wi-Fi, Bluetooth 2. 1+EDR, 3G radio(optional), ports for game cards, memory cards, SIM cards (only 3G-equipped models), and a multi-use port that can support DC power input, USB, audio input and serial data. PSVITA facilitates it users to voice chat (‘Party Mode’) during the game play. A ‘Live Area’ will be created for the players to receive announcements from the developers and another option called ‘Activity Feed’ is designed to leave the feedback, check player’s recent activity, achievements, rank and the trophies of the friends. PSVITA also allows the players to exchange contents without starting the device which is similar to Nintendo’s 3DS Sreetpass. PSVITA contains a ARM Cortex A9 core (4 core) CPU and a SGX543MP4+ GPU. An advance 5 inches screens with ratio 960 x 544 (16:9) and approx. 16 million colors support will increase the game play. PS VITA also been built with an advanced OLED Multi touch screen. Ps VITA builds with two different memories of 512MB RAM and a VRAM with 128MB. Ps VITA will have two cameras Front with [emailprotected]? 240 (QVGA) and rear with [emailprotected]? 480 (VGA) FIGURE IV: CONTROLS AND THE COMPONENT ARCHITECHTURE OF PLAYSTATION VITA On the wireless side, the system ships with 802. 11 b/g/n wireless networking, Bluetooth 2. 1+EDR (which supports headsets and Bluetooth stereo), and an optional 3G radio, which will be sold as part of a separate model. There will also be ports for game cards, memory cards, SIM cards (on the 3G-equipped models), and a ‘multi-use’ port supporting DC power input, USB, audio input and serial data. On the multimedia area PSVITA supports music formats like MP3 MPEG-1/2 Audio Layer 3, MP4 (MPEG-4 AAC), WAVE (Linear PCM) video format like MPEG-4 Simple Profile (AAC), H. 264/MPEG-4 AVC High/Main/Baseline Profile (AAC) and image format like JPEG (Exif 2. 2. 1), TIFF, BMP, GIF, PNG. Ps VITA introduces Always on feature to connect with friends and colleagues anywhere, anytime with Wi-Fi or always-on 3G [9]. It will be ships with Newly designed Dual analog sticks which will enhance the intensity of First Person Shooters games. Another advance option of PS3 integration will be available in Ps VITA. Gamers can play games between PS3 and PlayStation3 continuous and uninterrupted. Multi touch Display will be embedded with Nintendo Wii U which enables many more advance features from their earlier Wii. Augmented Reality games will be supported with Ps VITA which merge the real world and the game world with front and rear camera enabled augmented reality. Present of PlayStaion VITA will be definitely drag the attention of the Hand Held video gaming consoles lover as well as the other people who is addicted to this aspect area of gaming world. 4. 0 Technologies involved in modern video gaming consoles Modern video gaming consoles are equipped with very advance technologies. Gesture recognition, Motion detecting, Image sensoring are some of the popular technologies which have been popularly used by today’s gaming consoles. 4. 1 Gesture recognition This technology Interface with computers using gestures of the human body, typically hand movements. In gesture recognition technology, a camera reads the movements of the human body and communicates the data to a computer that uses the gestures as input to control devices or applications. Nintendo Wii introduced this technology to the gaming console and later Ps Move and xBox Kinect featured with the technology. Nintendo Wii controllers are the very popular devices which use gesture recognition efficiently. This device that serves as the wireless input for the Nintendo Wii gaming console. The Wi i remote can detect motion and rotation in three dimensions through the use of accelerometer technology. Separating the controller from the gaming console, the accelerometer data can be used as input for gesture recognition. FIGURE IV THE Wii CONTROLLER (Wiimote) 4. 2 Motion detecting Another advanced technology widely used in modern gaming consoles. Sony’s PlayStation Move combines a video camera with a physical controller packed with motion-sensing electronics, making it the technological cross between Kinect and the Nintendo Wii. The Move Motion Controller, or wand, combines a gyroscope, accelerometer, and magnetic sensor (a sort of digital compass that uses the Earths magnetic field to determine the controllers orientation) to track the controller in three dimensions, while the glowing ball at the end gives the PlayStation Eye camera a visual reference for handling aiming, cursor movement, and other motion. Like Kinect, PlayStation Move requires room to function; Sony recommends 5 to 9 feet between the player and the Play station Eye, but you can play anywhere from 2 to 10 feet of the camera. In Nintendo Wii, all the motion-control magic is in the remote. An accelerometer tracks movement, while an IR sensor monitors the positioning of lights emitted by the sensor bar. Its motion-sensing abilities werent so great at first; initially, your movements with the Wiimote were reflected only approximately in games with gestures and broad motions. The addition of Wii MotionPlus, an accessory that gives the Wiimote a gyroscope sensor to complement the accelerometer, improves the motion detection greatly. Nintendo recently began to sell the Wii Remote Plus, a Wiimote with built-in MotionPlus sensors, removing the need for a separate accessory. The Wiis biggest weakness is its graphics; unlike the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, the Wii doesnt display high-definition content. FIGURE V THE PS3 MOVE xBox Kinect using totally different motion detecting techniques from Ps Move and Nintendo Wii. Camera plays an important role in detecting the motion of the player older software programs used differences in color and texture to distinguish objects from their backgrounds. PrimeSense, the company whose tech powers Kinect and recent Microsoft acquisition Canesta use a different model. The camera transmits invisible near-infrared light and measures its â€Å"time of flight† after it reflect off the objects. Time-of-flight works like sonar also been used to detecting the motion If you know how long the light takes to return, you know how far away an object is. Cast a big field, with lots of pings going back and forth at the speed of light, and you can know how far away a lot of objects are. Using an infrared generator also partially solves the problem of ambient light. Since the sensor isn’t designed to register visible light, it doesn’t get quite as many false positives. PrimeSense and Kinect go one step further and encode information in the near-IR light. As that information is returned, some of it is deformed — which in turn can help generate a finer image of those objects’ 3-D texture, not just their depth. FIGURE VI HOW KINECT DETECT THE MOTION OF THE PLAYER These types of advanced technologies providing a new dimension to video gaming industry. Developments with these new technologies are carrying out very rapidly and new invents are introducing time to time by the competitors. 5. 0 Future directions of video gaming consoles A very high demand for video gaming consoles have been created over the decade and expectation for future gaming consoles are very high. Almost predictions about Sony’s PlayStation 4 and Microsoft’s xBox 720 have been raised, though the two companies are not reveling about their future product [10]. With the new 3d technology and realistic HD displays console are surely becoming truly powerful multimedia machines. With the combination of features and ease of use, the future consoles will definitely be a worthy competitor against powerful desktop gaming computers which was not possible before. Future gaming consoles will be consider on enhancing features like Media Storage, Hardware Features, Hardware Processing Power, Controllers, Online Networks etc [11]. Also invention of new technology will be boosting the video gaming industry. 6. 0 Threats to modern video gaming consoles Domination of the multimedia based gaming devices has been increased over the decades, and different devices introduced to the market in different forms. Among that Smart phones and tablet PC has been consider as strong competition to the video gaming consoles. Highly portability, multiple purpose usage, high end gaming experience, less expensive, are some of the significant features of the Smart phones. Modern and future gaming console should take these threats as a serious issue. 7. 0 Discussion Although various types of video gaming consoles developed over the years, using different technologies there are some common advance features of the prevailing video gaming consoles. * Advance Graphics: High end multimedia graphics and video output of 1080p in High Definition with 3D enabled . * Hardware Processing Power: enhanced CPU with capable of multi processing. * Social networking: Share the achievements with social networks website like twitter and facebook. * Online Gaming: Enable players to experience the online gaming * Media Storages: Highly capacity media storage to store as many games as possible Acknowledgement I would like to thank my project supervisor Dr. L. Ranathunga who gave me advices throughout the paper and lot of insight on how to properly set this paper up. Also I would like to thank video gaming console manufactures who gave me this wonderful opportunity to review about their modern gaming consoles. References [1] Tech, S. , Video Game Consoles (1970 Present), http://techyshit. com/45-video-game-consoles-1970-present/, Date of Access: 10. 10. 2011 [2] Saenz, A. , Nintendo’s New Wii U Wows at E3, and Changes gaming forever Again, http://singularityhub. com/2011/06/07/nintendos-new-wii-u-wows-at-e3-and-changes-gaming-forever-again/, Date of Access: 10. 10. 2011 [3] Associated Press, Sony: PS Vita to miss 2011 release in US and Europe, http://www. computerandvideogames. com/314207/playstation-vita-release-date-is-2011-in-japan-2012-in-us-and-europe/, Date of Access: 10. 10. 2011. [4] Sony corporation, Business development/Japan (1994~2004), http://www. scei. co. jp/corporate/data/bizdatajpn2004_e. html, Date of Access: 10. 10. 2011 [5] Chen, J. , Microsoft Xbox 360 Kinect Launches November 4, http://m. gizmodo. com/5563148/microsoft-xbox-360-kinect-launches-november-4, Date of Access: 10. 10. 2011 [6] Lowe, S. , A rundown of the components powering Sonys motion controller, http://ps3. ign. com/articles/112/1121742p1. html, Date of Access: 10. 10. 2011 [7] Schramm, M. , Kinect. The company behind the tech explains how it works, http://www. joystiq.com/2010/06/19/kinect-how-it-works-from-the-company-behind-the-tech/, Date of Access: 10. 10. 2011 [8] Nintendo, Wii U, http://e3. nintendo. com/hw/#/introduction, Date of Access: 10. 10. 2011 [9] Sony Corporation, PlayStation VITA, http://us. playstation. com/psvita/ , Date of Access: 10. 10. 2011 [10] Bostwick, B. , The future generation of video game consoles, http://www. helium. com/items/993554-the-future-generation-of-games-consoles, Date of Access: 10. 10. 2011 [11] Gilbert, B. , Inafune envisions a future where portable gaming consoles and Smartphone coexist.

Hit me again, Ike :: essays research papers fc

Hit me again, Ike†¦ Jimmy is eight; Katie is five; and little Ashley is only three. Raised by their parents, Mark and Susan, everyone sees them as the perfect family. Mark is a stockbroker, Jimmy’s football coach, and Katie’s tee ball coach. Susan works in the home, where she is everyday when the kids get home from school. She attends every PTA meeting, and works in the school cafeteria once a week. They appear to be the perfect family. Under that faà §ade, a deadly storm brews. No one sees the black and blue bruises Susan hides, or the numerous broken fingers and ribs she has had. Not all violence leaves marks, either. No one hears the nasty, hurtful words Mark calls her, or the tears of pain she cries each night. This is just one of many examples of domestic violence. Either physical, sexually, emotionally, or psychologically, abuse comes in all forms. â€Å"†¦[A]t least one in every three women had been beaten†¦or otherwise abused during her lifetime.† (Family Violence Prevention Fund 1).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Domestic violence, or intimate partner violence, can be defined as knowingly cause, attempt to cause, or threaten to cause harm or force to someone who is living within the same household and has an emotional relationship (i.e. Parent, child, spouse) or are pragmatically living together. (Bohm 249) Domestic violence can affect more than just the victim and the batterer. Children who grow up in families where violence occurs are more likely to demonstrate violence themselves or withdraw, having seen â€Å"daddy hit mommy.† Women who are battered tend to be emotional and have an increased chance of being depressed, anxious, or suicidal. Men, most commonly the abuser, often demonstrate jealousy, hypersensitivity, and threat of violence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Until recently, officers suspecting domestic violence had to have concrete proof and probable cause. Now, officers can arrest anyone they suspect of domestic violence, with or without the victim’s consent. This is called a preferred arrest policy. In 2003, 25, 926 arrests for domestic violence were made. (ODVN 1). â€Å"Intimate partner violence made up 20% of all nonfatal violent crime experienced by women in 2001.† (DOJ 1). The increased incidences of domestic violence can be curtailed through three changes: harsher laws, reduced societal acceptance and more advocacy and awareness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most obvious way to reduce domestic violence is with harsher laws. Currently the law states that a person can not â€Å"knowingly cause or

Providian Trust: Tradition and Technology Essay

Business Context/Key Business Drivers * Providian Trust was headquartered in New York. In 1994 it was the 10th largest provider of financial and fiduciary services through its network of 216 branches. * The company has 3 divisions, Pension and Institutional Trust Services, Personal Trust and Trust Operations * The company’s lending products—including residential and commercial mortgages and consumer and corporate loans. * The Company slowly slipped away from profitability and competition due to the lack of efficient business processes and information technology. * Michael LeBlanc the Senior VP of Trust, Investment and Treasury took the initiative to handle the project and address the problems faced by Providian Trust. Le Blanc was required to not just implement the new technology but also improving Providian Trust’s business processes by implementing Access Plus, a major software system developed by Select One. * With a budgeted cost of $18 million and lead-time of 20 months the board finally approved the project in April 1994. * The Key Drivers behind this new initiative was intense client demand on the part of PITS division. Low operational efficiency outdated reporting systems, lack of control and discipline in the trust division only made the case stronger. Initiative Objectives/Benefits * Increase Control and Discipline-  * PITS and Personal Trust Employees (front office) and Trust Operations Employees (back office) constantly blamed each other in case of any fault. The New centralized system is supposed to increase accountability, improve transparency and force discipline across divisions. * As mentioned in the case the clients had to wait for 2 to 3 months to get a statement. To decrease the cycle time and improve operational efficiency was a major objective. * Sometimes due to inaccurate or late statements Providian  had to waive or discount fees, which some times cost the company between $2 – $5 Million. * The total expected saving by implementing these changes was supposed to be inline with $9.2 million every year. Initiative challenges * Most of Providian trust officers had 20-30 years of experience in managing client relationships at a personal level and had never used or touched a personal computer. The old school employees were extremely reluctant and resistant to change. The implementation of these changes required employees to become more sales and service oriented instead just answering and responding to client phone calls. * Internal Auditor Peter Storey was a strong critique of the whole process. * Todd Benari, the vice president of Trust Operations, headed the project management team of 15 representatives formed Le Blanc. Le Blanc had no project management experience himself so he relied heavily on his very inexperienced project management. Results I believe even though the reasoning behind the project is very strong and praiseworthy, and my understanding of the case, I am skeptical about the possible success of the initiative. * Lack of proper leadership because of LeBlanc inexperience in project management and Le Blanc seems to be the only person driving the project. A major reason I observed was resistance of staff to changes. The Human Resources poor management and awful timing did not help the cause. The decision to reduce the full time staff by 25% or 180 employees further sent a wrong signal and the resistance to change was employee’s way of expressing concern and emotions. * Lack of proper time and quality management has created unexpected roadblocks and hurdles. The Simulations Work Environment (SWE) testing was originally planned to check the effectiveness of the new tool. The unrealistic initial deadlines, SWE testing never got introduced and LeBlanc was not feeling comfortable enough. His concerns were validated since the main users where mostly technologically handicapped. Due to lack of sufficient testing it is next to impossible to understand the potential problem that they may face in the future after implementation and also to know what kind of training is required by the employees to accept and adopt the change. LeBlanc Admits  to being bull headed and does not listen or take into considerations and ignored concerns of PITS and Personal Trust officers. Relevance and analysis Relevance – * I would like to summarize the points discussed and mentioned above- * Clear Channels of Communication, communicate the changes (via the CEO) to all employees, then identify and address the reasons for resistance. * Get employees involved in the reengineering process and participate in the process and explain the need to do so? * Have realistic and achievable timelines – Compile a detailed project plan. Divide the project into small milestones and set realistic deadlines against each milestone. Keep track of actual progress vs. planned progress on a regular basis. Implement strict internal and external audit process to ensure quality is not compromised for the sake of meeting deadlines. Learning’s- We face organizational changes in real-life. Some of these changes can be very drastic. We as managers may have an IT background or may not have an IT background. The success of the project does not always depend on our knowledge of the change, in our case the IT infrastructure update it depends on a managers project management skills. There ability to track and maintain time, cost, human resource management and communication skills. .

Perception towards mutual funds Essay

Abstract: Mutual Funds provide a platform for a common investor to participate in the Indian capital market with professional fund management irrespective of the amount invested. The Indian mutual fund industry is growing rapidly and this is reflected in the increase in Assets under management of various fund houses. Mutual fund investment is less risky than directly investing in stocks and is therefore a safer option for risk averse investors. Monthly Income Plan funds offer monthly returns and invest majorly in debt oriented instruments with little exposure to equity. However it has been observed that most of the investors are not aware of the benefits of investment in mutual funds. This is reflected from the study conducted in this research paper. This paper makes an attempt to identify various factors affecting perception of investors regarding investment in Mutual funds. The findings will help mutual fund companies to identify the areas required for improvement in order to creat e greater awareness among investors regarding investment in mutual funds. Introduction A Mutual Fund is a trust that pools the savings of a number of investors who share a common financial goal. The money, thus collected, is then invested  in capital market instruments such as shares, debentures and other securities. The income earned through these investments and the capital appreciation realized is shared by its unit holders in proportion to the number of units owned by them. Thus a Mutual Fund is the most suitable investment for the common man as it offers an opportunity to invest in a diversified, professionally managed basket of securities at a relatively low cost. Monthly Income Plans or MIPs invest maximum of their total corpus in debt instruments while they take minimum exposure in equities. It gets benefit of both equity and debt market. These schemes rank slightly high on the risk-return matrix when compared with other debt schemes. There is considerable amount of research being done regarding investment in mutual funds. However very little research has been done to study the perception of investors regarding investment in mutual funds especially MIP funds. Literature Review Ippolito (1992) states that an investor is ready to invest in those fund or schemes which have resulted in good rewards and most investors’ are attracted by those funds or schemes that are performing better over the worst. Goetzman (1997) opined that investor’s psychology affects mutual fund selection for investment and to withdraw from the fund. De Bondt and Thaler (1985) submitted that mean reversion in prices of stock is backed by investor’s retrogression which is based upon investor’s psychology to overvalue firm’s recent performance in forming future expected results which is also known as endowment effect. Gupta (1994) surveyed household investor to find investors’ preferences to invest in mutual funds and other available financial assets. The findings of the study were more relevant, at that time, to the policy makers and mutual funds to design the financial products for the future. Kulshreshta (1994) in his study suggested some guidelines to the investors’ that can help them to select needed mutual fund schemes. Shanmugham (2000) conducted a survey of individual investors with the objective to find out what information source investor depends on. The results explained that they are economical, sociological and  psychological factors which control investment decisions. Madhusudhan V Jambodekar (1996) conducted his study to size-up the direction of mutual funds in investors and to identify factors that influence mutual fund investment decision. The study tells that open-ended scheme is most favored among other things and that income schemes and open-ended schemes are preferred over closed- ended and growth schemes. News papers are used as information source, safety of principal amount and investor services are priority points for investing in mutual funds. Sujit Sikidar and Amrit Pal Singh (1996) conducted a survey to peep in to the behavioral aspects of the investors of the North-Eastern region in direction of equity and mutual fund investment. The survey showed that because of tax benefits mutual funds are preferred by the salaried and self-employed individuals. UTI and SBI schemes were most preferred in that region of the country over any other fund and the other funds had been proved archaic during the time of survey. Syama Sunder (1998) conducted a survey with an objective to get an in-depth view into the operations of private sector mutual fund with special reference to Kothari Pioneer. The survey tells that knowledge about mutual fund concept was unsatisfactory during that time in small cities like Visakapatanam. It also suggested that agents can help to catalyse mutual fund culture, open-ended options are much popular than any other schemes, asset management company’s brand is chief consideration to invest in mutual fund. Anjan Chakarabarti and Harsh Rungta (2000) emphasised the importance  of brand in ascertaining competence of asset management companies. Shankar (1996) suggested that for penetrating mutual fund culture deep in to society asset management companies have to work and steer the consumer product distribution model. Raja Rajan (1997) underlined segmentation of investors and mutual fund products to increase popularity of mutual funds. Objectives of Study 1. To study the investment pattern of Indian Investor. 2. To find out the awareness level of investors regarding mutual funds. 3. To find the type of scheme of mutual fund preferred by investor. 4. To find out the importance of factors like liquidity, higher return, company reputation and other factors that influence investment decision of mutual fund holder. 5. To find out awareness level of investors regarding Monthly Income Plan fund. 6. To ascertain the most preferred factor for investing in MIP fund. Research Methodology Investor’s main objective is to earn higher returns keeping in mind the risk and liquidity factor. With this objective in mind, an investor is looking out for various investment avenues. Mutual funds offer comparatively better returns and have less risk as compared to direct investment in stock market. In this research paper, an attempt has been made to evaluate the perception of investors regarding mutual fund investment with special emphasis on Monthly Income Plan funds. A survey was conducted in Pune city during the period June 2013 to September 2013. A sample of 150 individual mutual fund investors were surveyed through a pre-tested questionnaire. The investors were selected on the basis of those who have made prior investment in mutual funds and have some knowledge about the basic terminologies involved with mutual funds. An attempt has been made to find out the perception of investors regarding mutual fund investment and to identify the factors considered to be important by the investors before investing in any mutual fund. The awareness level of investors regarding Monthly Income Plan funds and their benefits is also studied.

Compare Africa, Latin America and Asean as Potential Investment Destinations of China’s Outward Fdi Essay Example

Compare Africa, Latin America and Asean as Potential Investment Destinations of China’s Outward Fdi Essay Example Compare Africa, Latin America and Asean as Potential Investment Destinations of China’s Outward Fdi Essay Compare Africa, Latin America and Asean as Potential Investment Destinations of China’s Outward Fdi Essay Compare Africa, Latin America and ASEAN as potential investment destinations of China’s outward FDI China has become a capital-surplus economy and its overseas investment has grown apace. Although its outward investment is still small in absolute terms, especially compared to the huge inward flow, Chinas overseas enterprises have been quietly gaining importance as new sources of international capital. They are now globally diversified and involved in a wide variety of sectors, including banking, manufacturing and natural resource exploitation. In the coming years, Chinese outward investment is expected to accelerate. But what is the best destination for China to do the investment? In order to compare Africa, Latin America and ASEAN as potential investment destinations of China’s outward FDI, we should have a clear understanding about the business environment. Environment of Business includes the economic and legal environment, the technological environment, the competitive environment, the social environment, and the global business environment. These five factors can potentially have both a positive and a negative impact on the business. Let’s begin with the first one the economic and legal environment. Financial backers often complain of legal and judicial uncertainties in Africa. This has obviously a dissuasive impact on international investors and weighs heavily on one of Africa’s main structural problems, which is: lack of investment. However, Africa’s subsoil is so rich of commodities that are essential to the world’s economy that Africa can simply not be avoided by foreign investors. The birth of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (â€Å"OHADA†) was a consequence of the awareness by certain African states mostly former French colonies of the challenge represented by the globalization of markets. While in Latin America it comes to formulating cluster-oriented policies. Clustering seems to enable firms, especially small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), to grow and upgrade more easily. SMEs may even become players in world markets if a high degree of interfirm specialization and their proximity to other firms performing complementary functions offset the disadvantages of being small. Clusters often create positive externalities which help managerial and technical learning. Empirical evidence shows that clustering is especially common among traditional small-scale and labor-intensive activities. Upgrading these activities contributes to a more balanced firm size structure and a more labor-intensive growth pattern. These features of clustering have attracted the interest of policymakers in developing countries and development assistance agencies. With Chinas dynamic economic growth, its relations with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) states have expanded rapidly in recent years, culminating in the conclusion of the landmark China–ASEAN Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement in 2002. Beyond trade and economic activities, China–ASEAN cooperation has broadened to cover the environment, science and technology, non-traditional security areas and related legal issues. Chinas relations with ASEAN have reached a new era where the two sides have established an economic, legal and political framework for their comprehensive cooperation. Then we should concern about the technological environment. It’s known that productivity increases are facilitated by technology innovations, integration of technological innovations with changes in policies, organizations, human capital and infrastructure related to extension, input and output markets and processing services, and coordination of these innovations across different stages. As we all know, in the history, Africa has not got very strong power of science and technology. It has always been a big problem which keeps the economic of Africa from developing. At least, the infrastructure such as transportation, telecommunication, and power is a big limiting factor. In this case, technological environment is not good in Africa for international business. On the other hand, however, this disadvantage also offers much space for international communication. For example, they can receive a lot of technological and financial help and investment. In the past few centuries, many foreigners have brought to the continent their notions of science and technology to harness both the African environment and often also its people. In Latin America, they also have technological gaps. But there have been many changes in these years and they have got new patterns of firm behavior, the new institutional environment and the new policy agenda gradually emerging in the region in the field of Science and Technology as a result of recent trade liberalization and market deregulation efforts. While in this aspect, ASEAN has an absolute advantage. Many countries in ASEAN are not weak in technology. So it is obvious that their technological power provides a better environment for international business, and it will be much more convenient for them to receive introducing investment. Then it comes to the competitive environment. Africa is not developed, but it has its own advantages for development. Resource is the most significant one of them, and it’s also a big reason to cause the competition in international business. The more resources, the more competition. Actually, when talking about resources, things in Latin America are similar to those of Africa. Besides, exploitation in these two regions began late, and countries in these two regions can hardly exploit and develop all by themselves, so they need more investment and many other countries pay attention to them. As a conclusion, it is much more competitive in Africa and Latin America than in ASEAN. It’s time to analyze the issue of social environment. I think different people and different cultures matter most. We can tell it clearly that it’s much easier to invest in ASEAN than in the other two regions. Because China is closer to countries in ASEAN than Africa and Latin America, and our tradition and habits can be similar, so it will be easier to communicate with them and undertake the investment. The last one is the global business environment. The global environment includes war and terrorism, globalization, regional integration. First is the issue of security. ASEAN is the safest region, and there are small local wars and sometimes pirates appear in Africa and Latin America. As to globalization, I think all of these three regions have a good state of it because of the convenient transportation and other aspects. However, ASEAN does better in regional integration, because it covers more than one continent. Comprehensively speaking, I think ASEAN has better global environment. All above is my opinion about Africa, Latin America and ASEAN as potential investment destinations of China’s outward FDI.

THE JURASSIC PERIOD essays

THE JURASSIC PERIOD essays The Jurassic Period took place about 210 million years ago. It went on for about 70 million years. The Jurassic Period was one of periods in the Mesozoic The life forms that were present during the Jurassic Period were not all of the life forms in Jurassic Park. The Tyrannosaurus rex and Tricerastops had not evolved until after the Jurassic Period. During the Jurassic Period the largest land animals of all were around. These giant animals were known as sauropods. The Diplodocus, the Brachiosaurus, and the Apatosaurus were all saouropods that were around during the Jurassic Period. There were also some rodents, no larger than rats, that roamed in the foliage, and were a number of the early mammals. They all were herbivorous and ate the lush vegetation that grew in their surroundings. Other herbivorous were the stegosaurus that had plates on its back that were used as protection from carnivores. The predators during the Jurassic Period were small but horrifying carnosaurs, like Allosaurus, and Dilophosaurus. The fast coelurosaurs were deadly but tiny. They traveled in packs and scavenged. The Jurassic also had some of the first birds. The Archaeopteryx was supposedly a The sea was also full of life. Some of the ocean life consisted of the ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs, and crocodiles that were much larger than they are today. There were also were modern looking sharks and Rays that were the same size and had similar characteristics. Also there were larger squids, octopus, and nautilus of the present. Ammonites with their coiled external shells were also some of the life in the sea during the Jurassic Period. dinoflagellates and coccolithophorids were microscopic single celled organisms that lived in the The Jurassic Period also had an abundant source of vegetation. The floras ...

Probability of a Small Straight in Yahtzee in One Roll

Probability of a Small Straight in Yahtzee in One Roll Yahtzee is a dice game that uses five standard six-sided dice. On each turn, players are given three rolls to obtain several different objectives. After each roll, a player may decide which of the dice (if any) are to be retained and which are to be rerolled. The objectives include a variety of different kinds of combinations, many of which are taken from poker. Every different kind of combination is worth a different amount of points. Two of the types of combinations that players must roll are called straights: a small straight and a large straight. Like poker straights, these combinations consist of sequential dice. Small straights employ four of the five dice and large straights use all five dice. Due to the randomness of the rolling of dice, the probability can be used to analyze how likely it is to roll a small straight in a single roll. Assumptions We assume that the dice used are fair and independent of one another. Thus there is a uniform sample space consisting of all possible rolls of the five dice. Although Yahtzee allows three rolls, for simplicity we will only consider the case that we obtain a small straight in a single roll. Sample Space Since we are working with a uniform sample space, the calculation of our probability becomes a calculation of a couple of counting problems. The probability of a small straight is the number of ways to roll a small straight, divided by the number of outcomes in the sample space. It is very easy to count the number of outcomes in the sample space. We are rolling five dice and each of these dice can have one of six different outcomes. A basic application of the multiplication principle tells us that the sample space has 6 x 6 x 6 x 6 x 6 65 7776 outcomes. This number will be the denominator of the fractions that we use for our probability. Number of Straights Next, we need to know how many ways there are to roll a small straight. This is more difficult than calculating the size of the sample space. We begin by counting how many straights are possible. A small straight is easier to roll than a large straight, however, it is harder to count the number of ways of rolling this type of straight. A small straight consists of exactly four sequential numbers. Since there are six different faces of the die, there are three possible small straights: {1, 2, 3, 4}, {2, 3, 4, 5} and {3, 4, 5, 6}. The difficulty arises in considering what happens with the fifth die. In each of these cases, the fifth die must be a number that does not create a large straight. For example, if the first four dice were 1, 2, 3, and 4, the fifth die could be anything other than 5. If the fifth die was a 5, then we would have a large straight rather than a small straight. This means that there are five possible rolls that give the small straight {1, 2, 3, 4}, five possible rolls that give the small straight {3, 4, 5, 6} and four possible rolls that give the small straight {2, 3, 4, 5}. This last case is different because rolling a 1 or a 6 for the fifth die will change {2, 3, 4, 5} into a large straight. This means that there are 14 different ways that five dice can give us a small straight. Now we determine the different number of ways to roll a particular set of dice that give us a straight. Since we only need to know how many ways there are to do this, we can use some basic counting techniques. Of the 14 distinct ways to obtain small straights, only two of these {1,2,3,4,6} and {1,3,4,5,6} are sets with distinct elements. There are 5! 120 ways to roll each for a total of 2 x 5! 240 small straights. The other 12 ways to have a small straight are technically multisets as they all contain a repeated element. For one particular multiset, such as [1,1,2,3,4], we will count the number od different ways to roll this. Think of the dice as five positions in a row: There are C(5,2) 10 ways to position the two repeated elements among the five dice.There are 3! 6 ways to arrange the three distinct elements. By the multiplication principle, there are 6 x 10 60 different ways to roll the dice 1,1,2,3,4 in a single roll. There are 60 ways to roll one such small straight with this particular fifth die. Since there are 12 multisets giving a different listing of five dice, there are 60 x 12 720 ways to roll a small straight in which two dice match. In total there are 2 x 5! 12 x 60 960 ways to roll a small straight. Probability Now the probability of rolling a small straight is a simple division calculation. Since there are 960 different ways to roll a small straight in a single roll and there are 7776 rolls of five dice possible, the probability of rolling a small straight is 960/7776, which is close to 1/8 and 12.3%. Of course, it is more likely than not that the first roll is not a straight. If this is the case, then we are allowed two more rolls making a small straight much more likely. The probability of this is much more complicated to determine because of all of the possible situations that would need to be considered.

Presentation about my classmate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Presentation about my classmate - Essay Example His wife is a social worker and somehow, her job has a great influence on him as well that strengthens the effects of his son’s situation to him as a father and a person. He dreams to build a support structure where he could be a part of a bigger objective and influence to adults with disabilities. He plans to do this by creating a non-profit organization for adults with disabilities so that a positive environment can be created for them where they can still become functional and fulfilled individuals. For this person who loves the outside, making connections to it by biking and hiking, he wants to share the simple joys of the outside world with the disabled who often are put in institutions. The support structure that he dreams for them would somehow enable them to become functional human beings, able to maximize their capabilities through the help of knowledgeable people. This is what drives and inspires him to get a degree that would propel him to achieve his dreams. Ladies and gentlemen, please welcome Justin

Business Employment Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Employment Law - Case Study Example Notably, Mr. Dunlap presented claims that showed the aspects of priority given to the white over the black people, irrespective of them having better qualifications and work experiences than the white people. However, Mr. Dunlap failed to prove the case regarding disparate impact. The case later proceeded to the U.S. Court of Appeal with the legal issue being, to establish whether Dunlap fulfilled the burden of proof in the case, in addition to establishing the correctness of the District Court findings. The Court of Appeal confirmed the decisions of the District Court in the case, as they cited the insufficient evidence for disparate treatment. They also upheld the decision on awards for the damages and fees. However, the Court of Appeal reversed the verdict on disparate impact.Why the plaintiff’s disparate, impact claim failedMr. Dunlap suit alleged that TVA manipulated the process of selection, causing the disparate impact on the minority candidates. He alleged he was a vic tim of intentional disparate treatment that both violate the Title VII. In the analysis, the impact theory expects the employee or job applicant to ensure they demonstrate that an apparent employment practice affects a given group harshly. In addition, that the employment practice favors the other side without justification. The countering side, that is the employer, in this case, TVA should show that the manifest procedure relates to the employment process, an argument called â€Å"business necessity† justification.

Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nursing - Essay Example Sub-samples were taken from the population based on different parameters to further show the distribution of the responses, expressed as percentage, that were obtained from the respondents, such as age, ethnic group, and gender. The most common tool used for the comparison of the data collected was the percentage, which is a ratio of the categorical responses of the participants over the total number of respondents. The margin of error in the method at 95% confidence level was also quantified, both for the total sampling population and the stratified sub-samples in the survey. The calculation of the bias in the study implies that the spread of the results, expressed as the standard deviation with respect to the mean, was also used (fao.org). The authors statistical tools such as percentage, mean, standard deviation, bias and confidence interval because these parameters provide the best quantification of the observations and results obtained in the survey that was conducted. I will follow the same approach that the authors did, because they did not only quantify the results from the survey, but the error or bias that was involved in the conduct of the study were also quantified. By doing so, the trueness of the values that were obtained in the study is more reliable. Additional statistical tools may be used if the research was conducted using two different sampling methods, on the same population, to be able to compare which provides less margin of error. The precision of the two sampling techniques can be evaluated and the results of the surveys may be compared using the student’s t-test or F-test to determine whether both sampling techniques are similar or not

Smart Airlines Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Smart Airlines - Research Paper Example In the course of determining the state of the economy, it is critical to adopt and incorporate Porter’s five forces analysis. It is essential to note that the power of suppliers in the airline industry is immense, courtesy of external environment’s influence that affects the three inputs: fuel, labor, and aircraft, thus the high power of suppliers. For instance, the cost of aviation fuel tends to fluctuate in relation to the global market for the oil because of the geopolitical and other factors. Secondly, it is essential to note that the power of buyers in the airline industry is moderate to high. This relates to the proliferation of the online ticketing approach, as well as distribution systems. Flyers no longer have to be at the mercy of the intermediaries or agents and airlines to the satisfaction of the ticketing needs. In addition, the entry of low-cost carriers has been of great benefit to the fliers or consumers. Similarly, buyers enjoy massive protection in relation to the tight regulation on the demand side of the airline industry. These factors make airline industry to cede power to the consumers, thus the moderate to high threat of power of buyers. The industry requires significant or huge capital investment to facilitate entering or exiting of the sector. From this perspective, the industry boasts of high entry and exit barriers. From this perspective, the industry tends to experience low threats of new entrants because of the high costs. The airline industry in the United States is extremely competitive.

Computer Crimes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Computer Crimes - Essay Example A foreign terrorist, who launched the attack to cause billions of dollars in damage to the U.S. economy, is pointing towards the incident of 9/11 on The World Trade Center in America. America suspects that the attack on World Trade Center was a pre-planned assault by the foreign terrorists. Foreign terrorist with the help of computer gets the details of the plane and moreover programmed the plan in a matter that it's all breaks get failed, the satellite settings for the plane to give signals on airport were cut off and nothing can stop the plan from hitting the twin tower, the World Trade Center at day time when the building was in full bloomed with people. This hit not only damages the buildings and gave the loss of billions of money but also destroys the number of American families. This was a crucial computer terrorism spread all over the world. Criminals for such kind of crimes should not only stay far from the computer but they should stay away from their loved ones as they sepa rate many American family members. They must be kept in the jail for all life long in a place where they can’t see the world or can hear what is going around. To cure from such crimes, state should be strict before allowing immigrants to pass the immigration for the country.

Smart Airlines Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Smart Airlines - Research Paper Example In the course of determining the state of the economy, it is critical to adopt and incorporate Porter’s five forces analysis. It is essential to note that the power of suppliers in the airline industry is immense, courtesy of external environment’s influence that affects the three inputs: fuel, labor, and aircraft, thus the high power of suppliers. For instance, the cost of aviation fuel tends to fluctuate in relation to the global market for the oil because of the geopolitical and other factors. Secondly, it is essential to note that the power of buyers in the airline industry is moderate to high. This relates to the proliferation of the online ticketing approach, as well as distribution systems. Flyers no longer have to be at the mercy of the intermediaries or agents and airlines to the satisfaction of the ticketing needs. In addition, the entry of low-cost carriers has been of great benefit to the fliers or consumers. Similarly, buyers enjoy massive protection in relation to the tight regulation on the demand side of the airline industry. These factors make airline industry to cede power to the consumers, thus the moderate to high threat of power of buyers. The industry requires significant or huge capital investment to facilitate entering or exiting of the sector. From this perspective, the industry boasts of high entry and exit barriers. From this perspective, the industry tends to experience low threats of new entrants because of the high costs. The airline industry in the United States is extremely competitive.

E-Commerce Legal Policies & Procedures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

E-Commerce Legal Policies & Procedures - Essay Example The main purpose of setting up policies and standards on Dream Decor’s e commerce website is to help ensure activities carried out within the site are secure. In addition, these regulations seek to assure the general public that the organisation works within set guideline and that all controlled transactions represent Dream Decor’s appropriately. Finally, these policies are set within agreed, and international standards therefore are applicable to the entire staff of Dream Decor, and its affiliated partners including vendors and third party distributers (Awad, 2005). Standards 1. Prior to the commencement of any commercial activity or work on Decors website, the entire commerce initiative must be presented to a review committee. This committee will ensure the compliance of the website to a standard level of security and other related IT and internet use standards (Goldstein 2000). 2. Dream Decor’s information security officer and business directors will be in cha rge of credit card security, the setting up an enforcing of security policies, ensuring the website adheres to national and international standards, and monitoring system access. ... information of clients and all transaction records should be stored for no more than seven years, and upon disposal proper procedures must be followed to ensure integrity is upheld. Records containing personal information must be properly secured, and strict access be maintained at all times. Proper, up to date and regular inventory records must be kept of all transactions and credit card information so as to facilitate quick identification of theft of malpractice. 4. Dream Decor’s staff should regularly undergo or participate in PCI risk assessment and training (Awad, 2005). 5. In the event of a security breach or the discovery of malpractice on the side of Dream Decor and its staff the following steps shall be taken: All affected card information be contained and management to be informed. Affected system is not to be accessed until it has been assessed by a forensic team E-commerce Sample policy and procedure Our commercial site realises the importance of maintain the integ rity of members personal information, and ensuring the privacy that comes along with financial matters. It is our aim to maintain the highest standards, and protect member information by all means possible (Goldstein 2000). Collected information In order to provide our clientele with quality and reliable service, the website automatically collects personal information from members and regular visitors. This information is then used to respond to, and fulfil service demands by the client. For reference purposes, this information is also temporarily stored by our servers. The information collected and stored is vital to our service delivery and system performance as such is of high importance. However, No information that personally identifies individuals or singles out our members is collected.

Concealed Carry Arguement Essay Example for Free

Concealed Carry Arguement Essay Carry Citizens of Illinois, is it so wrong to carry a concealed weapon for personal protection? There are multiple citizens of the United States believe that it is their constitutional right to carry. Statistics show that the crime rates have dropped in states with concealed carry and the death rates have not really grown. There are multiple figures of authority that are for and then there are those that still believe that concealed carry is unhealthy for a community. I for one am for the concealed carry laws in the state of Illinois. There are many Citizens of the state and other states that agree with me and the numerous law makers that concealed carry in Illinois is a constitutional right passed down from our fore fathers. One Illinois citizen in particular, Mrs. Sue Darnall, teaches a gun safety class in Bloomington, IL. Her students upon passing the course are eligible to apply for a Florida concealed carry permit that is valid in 32 other states, excluding Illinois. Mrs. Darnall says You have to answer the question: do I have it in me to take someone elses life? We dont know. We can train for that possibility but we never know until we have the experience. Firearms should always be considered a tool of last resort, she is an advocate for the concealed carry law in Illinois [Brady]. There are multiple lawmakers in the state of Illinois that are for concealed carry and yet there are equally as many that disagree and believe that it is a bad idea. We look kind of silly being the only state not to have it. It works very well, the 49 other states prove it every day, said state Rep. Donald Moffitt, R-Galesburg. Under the legislation, anyone 21 years of age or older who has a Firearm Owners Identification Card would be eligible to apply for a concealed carry permit. Rep. Brandon Phelps, D-Harrisburg, the sponsor, estimated the permit would cost around $100. Phelps pointed to Wisconsin, which passed a concealed carry law last summer. They sold 67,000 permits the first week, Phelps said [Ehley]. Phelps also says, â€Å"Right now were at the mercy of criminals [Brady]. Yet there are still law makers such as, Governor Pat Quinn, who says, â€Å"The concept of concealed, loaded handguns in possession of private citizens does not enhance public safety, on the contrary, it increases danger for everyday people [Ehley]. † Each side in the intense debate has its own interpretation of what the framers of the Constitution meant when they penned the Second Amendment. The right of citizens to keep and bear arms is the bedrock upon which concealed carry support has been built across the country. Its a constitutional guarantee. I think people should have the right to protect themselves because law enforcement is not equipped to totally protect them. The only people carrying guns now are cops and crooks, said Madison County Sheriff Robert Hertz, president of Illinois Sheriffs Association that in 2009 dropped its neutral position and approved a resolution endorsing concealed carry [Brady]. The arguments are endless on the topic, whether it is a constitutional right or not. Some people say it is because we should be able to carry when and where we feel that we are in danger and need the extra personal protection. Looking at states such as Missouri where the city of St. Louis was voted the most dangerous city in America, the crimes against individuals has slowed and dropped in numbers since the passing of concealed carry there. Now if a criminal is uncertain that you have a gun or not, it makes him less likely to attack. Not forgetting to mention if criminals are already breaking these laws and carrying, what makes it so difficult to make it legal for others to â€Å"pack heat? † I personally believe that if a law was passed for concealed carry the crime rates would drop in the state of Illinois. The current votes against concealed carry on based on the majority of ruling over Chicago. What about the southern part of the state, we have crime too. 90% of Illinois state laws are passed because of the happenings in Chicago. If a law were to be passed I believe that a registration and screening process would and should be put in place to weed out â€Å"unfit† candidates. The Illinois laws already state that felons cannot posses firearms, cannot purchase ammunition, and aren’t eligible to receive a F. O. I. D card. We could even be like the state of Wisconsin who just passed a carrying law; theirs is not concealed but open carry. Illinois is the only state in the entire union that doesn’t have a legal concealed carry law. There are multiple precautions that could be taken to prevent increased crime. In example, there are states that have local ordinances that make it illegal to carry a concealed weapon around such as Washington D. C. made it illegal to carry a handgun around, the rest of the state has a concealed carry law. I say in conclusion I believe that concealed carry is a smart and safe bet, besides it is a constitutional right to carry. â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

SWOT Analysis Of Halal Restaurant

SWOT Analysis Of Halal Restaurant In this business plan report summarise the nature of our business, the advertising and sales strategy, the monetary background, projected cash flow and income statement. Nevertheless it shows our current position and where we want to be in the future and how we have planned to get there through excellent management. It lays out the route for the future our business and set up standards of success. Hence the business plan will help us in acquiring capital from investors / lenders such financial institutions as they will have clear understanding of the business and willing to invest if the business proposal is persuasive. Our business proposal is setting up a halal restaurant in Treforest whereby the restaurant will cater healthy meals prepared in Islamic rites. The restaurant will provide a combination of wide varieties of food with excellence in value pricing, fun packaging and atmosphere. In Treforest there are numerous halal takeaways thus this will give us competitive advantage as there is no halal restaurants within the area. Our main target customers are Muslims who are minority from all over the world, who will be easily attracted to a place where they will be enjoying their meals prepared according to their Islamic rites in comfortable environment. Nevertheless despite the fact the food being prepared in Islamic rites, we intend to target majority of the students and the local people as the food offered will be healthy diet and it will cater their needs such as their busy lifestyles. Our mission is to provide high quality food which adheres to Islamic rites and to provide products which are better, safe and hygienic. Morever we aim to promote customer satisfaction through feedbacks, review of menu and creating friendly relationship with customers. Halal restaurant will be a privately held company and registered as a Limited private company, with three shareholders with equal number of shares. The restaurant will be a rented property. Six staffs shall be employed who will include two chefs, two waiters and two kitchen porters. As we the shareholders will also be accountable for managerial tasks of the halal restaurant. Halal industry is growing and expanding at a high rate because of migration of more people into UK specifically in Wales, and we want to have our own shares in Halal food industry. The reason of setting up a halal restaurant in Trefforest is, first there is low degree of halal restaurants within the area as majority are fast foods and takeaways. Thus this will give us a competitive advantage as competition within restaurants will be low. Moreover the restaurant will cater healthy meals and it since the location of the restaurant will be in treforest majority of customers will prefer dining out in our restaurant rather than travelling to Cardiff as they will save their time and money used on transport. The key to be successful in our restaurant, we will create a unique and innovative atmosphere of dining which will be different from competitors and offer a great fastest service and high quality of food. The employees would be motivated so they can work in comfortable environment and different programs would be enhanced so as to assemble devoted workforce. Furthermore we will focus on cost control so as to meet profit margin by managing bank deposit, accounts payable, issuing inventory, cash receipts, purchasing, order taking, and service preparation. This will help us to track actual expenditure aligned with our forecasts in managing the halal restaurant. Moreover customer satisfaction would be our prominent factor for the success of halal restaurant. This will be done thorough frequent and friendly interaction with customers so as to know their particular needs. Our restaurant would encourage the two most important values in restaurant business which is brand and image, as these two ingredients are a couple of main drivers in marketing communications CHAPTER 2 2.0 BUSINESS OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGY Our halal restaurant objectives for the first year of inception are to make the companys name as household name, build a solid reputation so as to establish successful halal restaurant and gain a market share in Halal food industry in Wales. We also want to make halal restaurant as the favourite choice for the Muslim people and the rest of the community. We also intend to expand into a number of outlets depending on how the business will operate, through franchising to other cities, such as Liverpool, Manchester and London so as to increase customer base. Nevertheless our main business financial plan is to have sufficient monetary funds to run our restaurant for a maximum of two and a half years without deeping to our profit. This will help us as in the 3rd year in repaying the loan as the profit accumulated will have an interest margin. Prior to our earlier research we have noted that for us to attain an excellent profit margin for the two and half years that we have earlier mentioned some of the restaurant items such as kitchen refrigerators cookers and any item that maybe of extravagant purchase would be leased. This will enable us to reduce potential costs. Nevertheless we will have a useful administrating system and basic accounting information that will keep update records of each month sales so as to track the profit and loss through out the year. In order for us to increase our customer base we plan to advertise our business through posters, fliers, mosque, internet in order to uphold customer satisfaction and later through media. With initial launching and advertisement of job opportunities within the halal restaurant, this will help us to advertise more our business as the spread of the new halal restaurant will make people eager to know what kind of services and product that will be offered. Our main goal is to be one of the most successful Halal restaurants in UK, we will strive to be a premier Halal Restaurant brand in the local marketplace. We want our customers to be satisfied when visiting restaurant and website as well as to work on their feedback seriously. MARKET SIZE Halal restaurant belongs to the Halal industry which is growing and expanding at a high rate. Many multinational companies are now investing in this industry and there are many others planning to enter the industry. It is widely reported that demand for Halal products is on the increase amongst Britains estimated 3 millions Muslims, 95% of which claim to be Halal consumers. The Halal Food Authority estimates that the UK market for Halal food grew 30% in 2006, even though the Muslim population grew just 3% according to Mintel report. Across Europe, where the Muslim population has grown by more than 140% in the last decade, there is a similar picture with 2nd and 3rd generation European Muslims are seeking out convenience and looking for products such as Halal pizzas, lasagne and hot dogs. Estimates can be different, but the organisers of Londons World Food Market exhibition estimate the UK Halal market to be worth  £2.8 billion. . CHAPTER 3 MARKETING ANALYSIS 3. 0 PRODUCT AND CUSTOMER ANALYSIS. As earlier mentioned the menu products served in the restaurant will be halal prepared according to Islamic rites. The halal food range from frozen food, ready made meals, canned food, beverages, packed meat, baked goods, dry goods (food ingredients), condiments and snacks (Halal Products, 2010). These products will be used in a halal way to prepare meals. Example of such menus include Chicken Tikka Masala with Rice served with Broccoli and sweet corn and the dessert of Fruit salad yoghurt. However a detailed research would be conducted so as to know the favourite healthy dishes for Muslims. With awareness of reducing obesity and increased healthy eating, such menu people will be attracted to buy a meal as it is healthy and balanced diet as it has all the nutrients need for the body and it has less fat. In as much as the Muslim community will benefit from the healthy meal as it will be prepared and based in their Islamic approach. Furthermore most Muslims will increase their social i nteraction when having a meal in our restaurant as they will have a more comfortable environment to interact. Our major target segments customers in Treforest are Muslims who are minority in the area. In the University of Glamorgan the ethnic groups of Asians which include Indian, Pakistan, Bangladeshi, Malaysia and other Asian background account to 5.6% while whites are the majority who account to 82.03%. The blacks and other black background account to 2.8% and other ethnic back ground is 4.2%. Despite of our first priority customers being muslims students, our second target customers are other students from different backgrounds. Halal food is well eaten not only by Muslims but by other nationalities, thus most of the other students will be attracted to buy meals from our restaurant as majority of them do not have sufficient time to prepare a meal due to studying all day long and most of them have passion of trying different kinds of food. Moreover in occasions such as birthdays and graduation ceremonies we will have numerous customers as many of the students and their families will come to our restaurant to celebrate their achievement by purchasing meals. Thereby in such occasions, deals will be promoted so as attract as many customers during such occasions. Our third target customers are the local people within the area such as professionals, families; singles and couples. Due to the busier lifestyles most of them do not have enough time to prepare a meal at home. Most families partners do work full time thus dining out is alternative to home cooking meals. Our estimate population within treforest is around 30,000 and the percentage of Muslims is around 2.3% including students. This estimate was based on 2006 statistics which showed the total population in treforest was 25,000 and the of which the Muslims accounts to 1.87%. (Rhondda Cynon Report, 2006). Thus the population has grown by 20% to date. Hence our restaurant will cater their needs by providing good quality food and ensure good customer service has been provided throughout. We will have potential customers from these groups as most of them do prefer to dine out as a luxury treat to their families and themselves. Nevertheless a market plan of survey would be carried out so as to know if our business idea is being welcomed within the area. 3.1 COMPETITORS PROFILE However our halal restaurant will face competition within the area as the latter is occupied with halal take aways, pubs, Chinese takeaways and sandwich shops. In those halal takeaways most of the food is halal and they do have affordable deals whereby most of the students are attracted to purchase them. Nevertheless in pubs they do serve most of halal dishes such curries, hence there is high probability most of customers to switch to pub menus. 3.2 UNIQUE SELLING POINT In order to compete with our competitors we have set a unique selling proposition which will set us unique from the market. One of the USP that will entice our customer is, the halal restaurant will offer innovative and fastest service to the customer by putting a time limit guarantee for their meal. This will be done by reducing the steps of getting meals to customers. Moreover customers will have opportunity to evaluate food choices so as to keep the favourites on the menus and frequent interacting with the customers will be enhanced so they feel their feedbacks are being valued. 3.3 PRICING STRATEGIES 3.4 MARKET SHARE Majority of the time due to the busier lifestyle of the students and the local people most of them prefer to eat out rather than cook because they dont have time. Based from UK statistics our market share noting we will capture the majority of the Muslims because we will be providing Halal food which is being prepared in accordance to Islamic belief. Nevertheless we have a market share of majority of local people as most of the halal food is healthy and balanced Wales GDP per capita purchasing power parity $22,800 per annum per week $438.46 Incomplete more elaboration on purchasing capability of a single person. Initial maximum market share Total purchasing power(expenditure) of the targeted market Number of competitor +1 (own business) 438.46 = 73.08 6 Remember to include the initial market share 9%. 3.5 MARKET TRENDS. In treforest the population is mostly populated with students so the market trend will be very much be affected by the term time of the university. This means that when the university is opened the sales are high and when the university closes the sales are expected to be low this is because local students tend to travel and some foreigners. However most foreigners students they tend to remain in the university closes as most of them prefer working full time; hence this will have an impact in ourrestaurant as sales will tend to be stable. Nevertheless due to awareness of eating healthy diet and busier lifestyles, majority of people will prefer to eat out rather than cooking at home as it save time. This will have an impact in our restaurant as there will be frequent constant flow of customers who their needs will cater for. Thus as our initial market share estimated to 9% we expect growth of market share within the period of 6 to 12 months to be 16.7%. 3.6 SWOT ANALYSIS OF HALAL RESTAURANT STRENGHTS Availability of Muslim students who prefer halal food due to their Islamic belief. Busier lifestyles of local people and students who do not have sufficient time to prepare a meal at home. British people who are majority in the area are very experimental to different type of food thus our restaurant will cater their needs. WEAKNESSES A lot of monetary funds required to set up the halal restaurant. Fluctuation of sales when majority of students are on holidays. OPPORTUNITIES The long term objective of franchising thorough Wales so as to reach broader market. Our restaurant does offer healthy meals thus majority of people will be attracted to buy our meals. THREATS Within the area there is high competition as there are many competitors such as pubs, Chinese takeaways, halal takeaways, Indian restaurants who offer some of halal meals with affordable deals. Implementation of legislations such National Minimum Wage and Tipping legislation which require employers to comply with NMW of  £5.90 and paying more in National contributions so as to back up Tipping Legislation. This will increase costs in the restaurant business. CHAPTER 4 4.0 INTRODUCTION: The operational plan of our establishment will take care of matters such as Human resources, location, restaurant hours, suppliers, advertising strategy, registration and certification of the business along with other requirements The operational plan will also be shedding some light on ways of creating a strategic work plan that will formulate ways to achieve targets in the most reasonable amount of time 4.1 HUMAN RESOURCES We will be hiring two chefs one sous chef and a commis chef a kitchen porter and last but not the least two plate waiting staff. While recruiting these staff we will be looking for somebody with a reasonable catering industry experience except for the sous chef who has to have a good experience of working at the same designation. We will be managing the place ourselves with our previous catering, restaurant and hospitality industry experience and our HACCP and food safety qualifications we will be supervising the restaurant and the staff making sure that the customers are satisfied and content by handling all feedbacks and queries promptly and efficiently making sure that the daily book balancing runs smoothly and accurately costing of all the meals, creating promotional deals and strategies for the restaurant dealing with the suppliers and last but not the least running the restaurant according to the hygienic standards of the local authorities. We will be hiring a sous chef who must have at least 3 years of sous chef experience and be able to prepare dishes under pressure and should be able to work on his own initiative. We would be paying him  £19k- £21k depending on his experience his main jobs would be Creating menus Preparing and supervising all our main dishes Taking care of the stock and stock taking Make sure that all the heavy equipment is used in a safe way Cleaning all the heavy cooking machinery grinders etc. Making sure that the temperature records are up-to-date and hence the food served is hygienically safe. We will be hiring an enthusiastic commis chef who would be a fresh graduate and should have some experience in cooking, should have a can do attitude and willing to learn. we would be paying him  £11k- £13k depending on the experience. His duties would be Pastries and vegetable sauces preparation Salad preparation Assisting the sous chef in preparing the main meals Assisting the chef in stock taking Receiving and making sure that the deliveries are the same as invoiced and that their temperature at the delivery time was safe Cleaning the kitchen equipment after use Making sure that the kitchen is slip and trip free. We will be hiring a kitchen porter with some experience and we will be paying him  £5.80 and his duties will be as follows Washing dishes Cleaning the kitchen Receiving the deliveries and making sure they are fine and at a safe temperature Helping the chef in all other ad hoc duties We will be hiring two plate waiting staff with at least 1 year of experience, they should be customer friendly, polite and outgoing since they are going to be the first point of contact for all our customers. We will be paying them  £6 an hour their main duties would be Meeting and greeting customers showing them to the tables Take orders Take food to and from the table Making sure that the customers are satisfied with their meal by asking them Be proactive and offer them with extra desserts and drinks 4. REGISTERING THE BUSINESS In the Rhonda-Cynon-Taff council where we are intending to open our restaurant we have to register our business with the local authority 28 days before starting the business. We may also be required to get approval from the council due to our use of products of animal origin which in our case would be meat, fish, milk, eggs and any of their by-products and products made from them. In order to obtain the approval we need to submit an application form to the food team at the council along with a site plan that should reflect the layout of the premises accurately and an evidence of the food safety management systems on HACCP (hazard analysis and critical control point) principles (Food Business, 2010) On receipt of this application the local authority will arrange a site visit which is equivalent to a food premises inspection. During the inspection if all the requirements for the approval have been met, our premises will be issued with a unique three digit approval number which is part of a standard identification mark and will be used for all documentation. To register the business for VAT payments the law requires that the turnover of the VAT taxable goods and services supplied for the previous 12 months should be over  £68,000 and if it is below that amount then the business could still be registered for VAT voluntarily, and in our case this is what we will be doing we will be registering for VAT voluntarily because in future when the value of the taxable goods and supplies goes above  £68,000 and somehow we get busy and forget to register for VAT, we might get charged a penalty. And not just that there are benefits as well for voluntary registration. We will be registering for VAT online which would be the most convenient way for us in order to do that we will need to register with the HMRC online services first and then we will need to fill in two forms called VAT1 VAT2 with all our business details (HM Revenue and Custom, 2010). OPERATION TIMES In our restaurant we will be serving at different times to cater for people from different walks of life in the morning we will be serving a buffet style breakfast to cater for the students and for the people on the way to work, lunch and dinner for the students and general public and for the people who want to have a great time. Our serving hours are going to be BREAKFAST..08:00am till 11:00am LUNCH..12:00pm till 03:00pm DINNER.07:00pm till 10:00pm SUPPLIERS We have been in contact with different suppliers for our raw materials, crockery silverware, heavy equipment and all the other items that are required for opening a new restaurant. While reviewing these suppliers we need to make sure that the suppliers are of good reputation and hence provide good quality products while not making a huge dent on the business account We will be ordering our raw halal meat, spices, confectionary and all cooking items from a company called 3663. We will be ordering our fresh dairy products from a company called fresh fayre. Our disposable take away containers and the cleaning equipment that includes dishwashing liquid, bleaches sanitizersn degreasers and all kind of other cleaning equipment will be ordered from a company called BUNZL. Our used oil will be collected by a company called ARROW OIL COLLECTIONS but we have to put the request through our supplier which would be 3663 because they have this condition that they only collect oil if its bought through a certified oil seller. All our heavy equipment which is our fridges, freezers, fryers, furniture and any other heavy equipment for the restaurant and kitchen will be ordered through a company called LOCK HART on lease as long as we make an order above a  £1000 worth. All these suppliers have been carefully chosen considering their quality, reliability and prices. ADVERTISING AND PROMOTION Effective advertising and promotion is a vital supplement for any business and specially if the business is a newborn baby like ours We will be doing our advertisement through print media avoiding broadcasting it on TV since it does not fulfil our requirement for promoting our restaurant and its really dear as well instead we will be using brochures, posters, flyers and leaflets and specially handing out leaflets outside the university and in the surrounding area and specially outside the mosque. CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENT The halal certification required for the restaurant is going to be provided by the supplier the slaughter house from where the supplier acquires meat is inspected by the halal council and if all the necessary requirements are fulfilled and if the animal is slaughtered in a sharia way then the supplier is given a certificate which proves that the meat is halal and gives the authority to pass on that certificate to its customers and in this case the customer would be us and we will have the right to display that certificate. All the staff handling the open high risk food are required to have training certificates of handling high risk food and at least one member of staff is required to have adequate knowledge of the HACCP(hazard analysis and critical control point)/ food safety management systems.

Human Cloning is Playing God :: Clone Clones

Human cloning is it ethical? I think that human cloning should be banned. The president's stand on human cloning is the same, he believes that all forms of cloning should be banned. Sure cloning has its benefits, but it is not our job to "play God." Human cloning is unethical there are also health risks, emotional risks, risks of abuse of the technology, and over population which leads to global warming. Human cloning is immoral, we know little about it which makes it dangerous with lots of risks. First of all there are health risks, which is the biggest disadvantage with human cloning. People who agree with human cloning agree with it because of the benefits that could do on people?s health, but they should consider the health risks. There are miscarriage deaths, deaths seen after birth, tissue rejection and abnormalities. 10 out of 12 cloned mice born apparently healthy at birth lived less than 800 days. Source: Scotsman ?To subject human beings to cloning is not taking an unknown risk, it's knowingly harming people,? Kilner said. Large percentage of cloning efforts end in failure, it took hundreds of attempts to clone Dolly. ?No human life should be exploded or extinguish for the benefit for another? President Bush. Due to large percentages of animal cloning ending in failure and the lack of understanding about human cloning, many scientists and physicians strongly believe that it would be unethical to attempt to clone humans. Emotional pressures on a teenager trying to establish his or her identity is also a concern. How will a child be able to distinguish between her mother, and her sister? For example baby Eve was born by caesarian section in Miami on Thursday, weighs 3.1kg and is the exact genetic duplicate of her 31-year-old US mother, according to Clonaid head Brigitte Boisselier. If a father sees his wife's clone grow up into the exact replica of the individual he fell in love with, would a sexual relationship with his wife's twin be wrong? How would they feel if they knew they were a replacement for another? Cloning denies an individual to their own identity. Cloning simply re-creates the genes of the person, not their memories or personality. It is not easy to lose one loved one, but the thought of losing several would be unethical. Third there are the risks of abuse of the technology. If cloning is not ban and becomes legal people are going to want to clone celebrities, inventors, and athletes from the past.